如下模型可用来研究竞选支出如何影响选举结果:
其中,voteA表示候选人A得到的选票百分数,expendA和expendB分
别表示候选人A和B的竞选支出,而prtystrA则是对A所在党派实力的一种度量(A所在党派在最近一次总统选举中获得的选票百分比)。
(i)如何解释β1?
(ii)用参数表述如下原假设:A的竞选支出提高1%被B的竞选支出提高1%所抵消。
(iii)利用VOTE1.RAW中的数据来估计上述模型,并以通常的方式报告结论。A的竞选支出会影响结果吗?B的支出呢?你能用这些结论来检验第(ii)部分中的假设吗?
(iv)估计一个模型,使之能直接给出检验第(ii)部分中假设所需用的:统计量。你有什么结论?(使用双侧备择假设。)
A.group the students according to seating arrangement
B.students select their own group members (risky)
C.group the students by drawing lots
D.divide the strong students and the weak students into different groups
The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers.Glyn Davies,the President of the British Beekeepers Association,said that bees were not lazy but efficient,“At any particular stage in its energy by doing nothing.Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works,the faster it dies.They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.”
The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old.One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux,the novelist and part-time beekeeper.“I have never seen a bee sleeping.My bees never stop working,”he said.Mr.
Theroux added that Prof.Menzel’s research could have been affected by his national origins.“Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work,the bee does look lazy,”he said.
Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away,despite the efforts of Prof.Menzel.It seems absurd to apply the word“lazy”to a colony of creatures capable of producing something so extraordinary as honeycomb.The truth is that bees give us an inferiority complex that is not entirely unjustified.In fact,the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance.IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the“waggle dance”of bees,telling businessmen to“make your business waggle.”
36.Prof.Randolf Menzel’s latest research .
A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among bees
B.confirms our knowledge of the relations among bees
C.challenges our perception of the nature of bees
D.confirms our perception of the nature of bees
37.Prof.Randolf Menzel would disagree that .
A.bees are hard working
B.bees are quick learners
C.bees have intelligence
D.bees have good memory
38.According to Glyn Davies,what should we learn from bees?
A.How to work faster.
B.How to live longer.
C.How to cooperate with each other.
D.How to improve work efficiency.
39.It could be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the Germans .
A.are easily affected by their national characters
B.are extremely busy and hard working
C.have many things in common with bees
D.tend to look down upon lazy people
40.The IBM ads in the passage are used to .
A.show the popularity of the idea of busy bees
B.emphasize the negative image of busy bees
C.initiate public discussions on the busy bee image
D.question the comparison of busy bees to humans