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- often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to complete their errands (任务). Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so that they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don.t, waiters will hurry you. You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small courtesies with strangers. Don.t take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting"it beyond a certain courtesy point. The view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called "a short fuse." We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some return - be this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life. Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesy of a business call, for example, they will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a café or coffeehouse. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.
1.Which of the following statements is wrong？ ___________
A.Americans seem to be always under pressure
B.Americans attach less importance to patience
C.Americans don.t care much about ritual socializing
D.Americans are impolite to their business colleagues
2.In the fourth paragraph, "a high priority"means ___________.
A.a less important thing
B.a first concern
C.a good business
D.an attractive gift
3.Americans evaluate a business colleague ________.
A.through social courtesy
B.through prolonged business talks
C.by establishing business relations
D.by learning about their past performance
4.This passage mainly talks about __________.
A.how Americans treasure their time
B. how busy Americans are every day
C.how Americans do business with foreigners
D. what American way of life is like
5.We can infer from the passage that the author.s tone in writing is ________.
A.critical
B.ironical
C.praiseful
D.objective
The following sections of this chapter will describe specific resources available in many libraries. In some cases you may already be aware of a resource and may use it frequently and successfully. In other cases you may be completely unfamiliar with a resource. Your goal should be to become aware of what is available and to know how to use each of these resources to help you solve the problem they are designed to solve.
When educators have a piece of information that they want to share with their colleagues, they often make this information available in professional journals or at professional meetings. It would often be useful to have access to such information, and this chapter will describe the special services that enable us to locate such information.
1. The library resources can be helpful when we _______.
A.want to find a better way to measure attitudes toward music
B.are preparing a paper for a professional journal
C.are writing a dissertation
D.All of the above
2.The familiarity of readers with different resources _______.
A.is more or less the same
B.varies slightly
C.differs greatly
D.should not be different
3.The author believes that _______.
A.library resources should be used frequently and completely
B.library resources cannot be made good use of if they are not available to us
C.one is supposed to be aware of the library resources that are usually not available
D.one is supposed to have good knowledge and make good use of resources
4.When educators wish to share some information with their colleagues, they often _______.
A.publish it in a professional journal
B.attend professional meetings
C.get access to it in the library
D.make use of some library services
5. The chapter in question _______.
A.mainly deals with the ways of dissertation writing
B.presents information on publishing papers in professional journals
C.introduces some library services
D.describes some professional meetings
概括段落大意和补全句子。
Our Muscles
(1)When we think of muscles, we might often picture a bodybuilder with big arm and leg muscles. But our muscles do not have to look like that to work well.
(2)As a matter of fact, every time we write our name, we use the 20 different muscles in our hand. Every time our heart beats, we use our cardiac muscle(心肌) . When we eat our food, we use our tongue muscles. We even use muscles when we open and close our eyes. In fact, every time we move, we use some of the muscles in our body.
(3)A muscle is made of tiny fibers. Fiber is a type of tissue that feels a little like a rubber band. Thousands of these fibers are packed together to make a single muscle. We all have the same number of muscles----about 700 or so. Men and women with big muscles simply have thicker bundles of fibers.
(4)There are three different types of muscles in our body. Smooth muscles are the ones that we cannot control. They work quietly to keep our body running. Also, they are the ones that help us to absorb our food. The cardiac muscle makes the heart pump blood in and out. Skeletal muscles are the ones that we can control. These are the muscles that we use to raise our hands, or ride our bicycles.
(5)Even our face often uses muscles. But if we want to save our energy, try smiling instead of frowning. Remember that it takes 17 muscles in our face to smile, but 43 muscles to frown!
Task 1
1. Paragraph (1)
2. Paragraph (2)
3. Paragraph (3)
4. Paragraph (4)
5. Paragraph (5)
A. What a muscle consists of
B. When we use our muscles
C. How people think of muscles
D. What kind of muscles we have
E. Why we have different muscles
F. Why we should smile rather than frown
Task 2
6. Muscles don’t have to be very big____________.
7. Our muscles are working _______________.
8. A single muscle contains __________________.
9. Smooth muscle help us _________________.
10. Smiling uses less energy than ___________________.
A. frowning
B. a lot of fibers
C. to digest food
D. to function properly
E. whenever we are happy
F. whenever we do something
Preventive care often requires mass-communicated messages, one-on-one communication,（）and community resources, crisis management, and more.
A.take part in
B.talk with
C.play with
D.look after
A.specialize
B.at
C.years
D.the United States
Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products.One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfect lives.Advertisements show us who we aren't and what we don't have."Why don't I have any dates (约会)？" a good-looking girl sadly asks in a commercial."Here," replies her roommate, "Try Zoom tooth-paste!" Of course she tried it, and immediately the whole football team falls in love with her."That's a stupid commercial," we might say.But we still buy Zoom tooth-paste out of fear of being unpopular and having no friends.
If fear is the negative motive (动机) for buying a product, then wanting a good self-image is the positive reason for choosing it.Each of us has a mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be.For example, a modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star.A middle-aged man might want to see himself as a strong, attractive athlete.Advertisers know this.They write specific ads to make certain groups of people choose their products.
Advertisers get psychologists to study the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another.These experts tell advertisers about the motives of fear and self-image.They also inform. them about recent studies with colors and words.They have found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical (同一的、 相等的) product with different colors.
Many people believe that advertising does not affect them.They like to think they make wise choices.Unfortunately, they probably don't realize the powerful effect of advertising.They may not clearly understand that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in aggressive (强有力的) competition for our money, and they are extremely successful.
1.What’s the purpose of advertising()？
A.To introduce people the feature of the goods.
B.To have people to buy new products on the market.
C.To make people know how to use the products.
D.To tell people how to save money while buying goods.
2.One of the disadvantages of advertising is to().
A.lead people to buy bad-quality things
B.make people confused about choosing goods
C.make people buy more things than needed
D.inform. people the products’ benefits
3.Advertisement may make people think that()
A.their lives are not good enough
B.their behaviors are imperfect
C.they don’t have enough money to buy things
D.they look poor without buying advertise goods
4.What can psychologists tell the advertisers()
A.The reasons for bad sale of some goods.
B.What brand is better than others？
C.How to control the qualities of goods.
D.People’s opinions about current colors.
5.It’s implied in the last paragraph that those who don’t believe
advertising().
A.should refuse to buy goods advertised
B.may also be influenced by advertising
C.have more freedom to buy things than others
D.can save money without buying the advertised goods
Ironically，it is often success that leads people to flirt with failure.Praise won for _ 28_a skillsuddenly puts one in the position of having everything to lose.Rather than putting their reputation on theline again，many successful people develop a handicap—drinking，_ 29_，depression—that allowsthem to keep their status no matter what the future brings. An advertising executive 30_ fordepression shortly after winning an award put it this way:“Without my depression，I'd be a failure now;with it，I'm a success 'on hold.’”
In fact，the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those 31 _ with success.Such people are so afraid of being 32a failure at anything that they constantly develop onehandicap or another in order to explain away failure.
Though self-handicapping can be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety now and then,in the end，researchers say，it will lead to_ 33_. In the long run，excuse makers fail to live up to theirtrue_ 34_and lose the status they care so much about. And despite their protests to the _35they have only themsclves to blame.
A) contrary F) labeled K) potential
B) fatigue G) legacies L) rcalms
C) heavily H) mastering M) reciprocal
D) heaving l) momentum N) ruin
E) hospitalized J) obsessed o) viciously
A.disagree
B.learning
C.active
D.purposeful
此题为判断题(对，错)。
