Explain the meaning of a Nash equilibrium when firms are competing with respect to price. Why is the equilibrium stable? Why don't the firms raise their prices to the level that maximizes joint profits?
序数效用和基数效用的区别是什么?解释对消费者选择排序时为什么并不需要基数效用的假定。
What is the difference between ordinal utility and cardinal utility? Explain why the assumption of cardinal utility is not needed in order to rank consumer choices.
什么是边际转换率(MRT)?为什么一种商品对另一种商品的边际转换率等于生产两种商品的边际成本之比?
What is the marginal rate of transformation (MRT)? Explain why the MRT of one good for another is equal to the ratio of the marginal costs o[ producing the two goods.
(1)假定其中一种产品实施配给。解释为什么消费者的境况可能变差。
(2)假定其中种产品被固定在当前市场价格以下的水平,因此消费者不能想买多少就买多少。你觉得消费者的境况是变好了还是变差了?
Draw a budget line and then draw an indifference curve to illustrate the satisfaction - maximizing choice associated with two products. Use your graph to answer the following questions.
a Suppose that one of the products is rationed. Explain why the consumer is likely lo be worse off.'
b. Suppose that the price of one of the products is fixed at a level below the current price. As a result, the consumer is not able to purchase as much as she would like. Can you tell if the consumer is better off or worse off?